The information content of satellite imageries as a mean for providing usable data for disaster forecasting and management, management of natural sources, remote sensing and photogrammetric applications has attracted the worldwide attentions during the last two decades. Since geometric correction of these images is the first and a crucial step for using them, a great deal of research efforts has already been focused on the subject worldwide. Two main approaches are used for geo-referencing of linear array imageries. The first approach is the so called rigorous model. This approach is based on the physical modeling of the motion and attitude variation of the imaging sensor during the acquisition time and is the most accurate and precise model for geometric correction. This model is based on the so called collinearity condition equations and needs the sensor calibration data and the orbital parameters of the satellite, which is not always accessible due to security and economic restrictions. The second approach, known as generic, is independent of any metadata information and solely relies on the ground control points. Varieties of generic models, from rational functions to simple DLT, are in use. However, the great difficulties with these approaches are their dependence on large number of well distributed GCPs. The most precise generic model which is used as a substitute for rigorous model is rational function model (FRM). It has been shown empirically that RFMs in terrain independent mode, which is calculated by fitting the rational function coefficients to the rigorous model, approaches the accuracy of rigorous model. Nevertheless, a very interesting parametric approach, which uses simple 2D to 3D AFFINE TRANSFORMATION, has been experimentally proven to be very promising. This approach has been already evaluated by different researchers worldwide and reasonably accurate results in both flat and hilly terrains have been reported using only few numbers of GCPs. The theoretical basis that justifies the achieved accuracy is the fact that with the high resolution satellite images the very small camera field of view and the high flying altitude makes the incoming signals almost parallel. This renders the PERSPECTIVE geometry along the scan lines to approach the parallel geometry and effectively a homogenous geometry in the scan line and the direction of the satellite motion is produced. This particular geometry provides a simple linear relationship between the image space and the object space and makes a simple eight parameters AFFINE TRANSFORMATION optimum for geo referencing applications. Simplicity of the formulation (i.e. only eight AFFINE parameters for the entire scene and linear form of the equations), and also few numbers of required GCPs and the achieved accuracy makes this approach very attractive from the mapping point of view. The main intention of this paper is to evaluate the potential of the 3D AFFINE TRANSFORMATION as applied to the Cartosat-1 images by implementing an approach which is independent of the field measurements. This is achieved by fitting the AFFINE TRANSFORMATION parameters to the supplied rational function coefficients. Since this approach is not restricted to the field measurement for generating GCPs, a more realistic evaluation of the nature and the limitations of the AFFINE TRANSFORMATION are achieved by generating well distributed fictitious GCPs. Other related issues such as the earth curvature and the influence of the terrain topography are also discussed and analyzed.

Nature has aesthetics of its own, what can provoke the human mind into better recognizing the concept of beauty via mental perception. As such, human mind can interact with the nonverbal expressions of nature only to better his/her primitive aesthetic knowledge and reach a more novel recognition of aestheticism via the practice of interpretative deduction. This article has been the result of a series of discussions and dialogues between the authors on the nature of aesthetic geotouring and exploring the natural phenomena based on the Dialectical Method of Socrates and modelled after the Platonic dialogues. The outcome of this dialectic study brings to light the fact that touring in nature through providing the due opportunity for mental perception of aesthetic phenomena can provide a clearer definition of ‘beauty’ in its rich variety. Aesthetic search as such will culminate in forming a more illuminated mental concept of beauty in mind, what can influence human rationale for aesthetic judgment and enrich even more the texture of human aesthetic creation. Such aesthetico-interpretative endeavor might lead to a higher potential for creating more original works of literature and art and culminate in a better judgment about such aesthetic creations.

Background and objectives: One of the main necessities of the growth and development of any society is the constant attention to the subject of TRANSFORMATION, in which Imam Khamenei (Supreme Court) has explained the concept and framework of the proper TRANSFORMATION in numerous statements and speeches. The purpose of this study is to identify and explain the dimensions and components of TRANSFORMATION-demanding and TRANSFORMATION-creation from Imam Khamenei's PERSPECTIVE.Method: In terms of research philosophy, this study is an interpretive research, and in terms of its objectives, it is considered an exploratory research. The research strategy is qualitative that was conducted using content analysis method. Ultimately, the data collection has been a library study with a note-taking tool and reference to original sources. Its statistical population is the sum of the statements of Imam Khamenei from 1989 to 2021 on research issues.Findings and results: By examining and analyzing the data, the three themes of what, why, and how were classified in comprehensive themes level. In the "what" of TRANSFORMATION, the components of "the definition of TRANSFORMATION and its equivalent, the goals of TRANSFORMATION, the principles and principles of TRANSFORMATION, the level and scope of TRANSFORMATION, the examples of good TRANSFORMATION, the examples of bad TRANSFORMATION" were identified. In the "why", the components of "need and necessity of TRANSFORMATION, the must and shoulds of TRANSFORMATION", and in "how" of the TRANSFORMATION, the components of "major requirements and measures for the implementation and implementation of TRANSFORMATION, speed and direction of TRANSFORMATION and some areas of TRANSFORMATION" were obtained. In the implementation and naming of themes, the MAXQDA software has been used. For drawing the themes network the XMind Map software was employed. The ultimate model of TRANSFORMATION can take an effective step in understanding the real TRANSFORMATION creators and TRANSFORMATION demands in the country.

Reliable image matching is a vital step in many photogrammetric processes. Most image matching methods are based on the local feature algorithms because of their robustness to significant geometric and radiometric differences. A local feature is generally defined as a distinct structure with properties differing from its immediate neighbourhood. Generally, local-feature-based image matching methods consist of three main steps, including feature detection, feature description and feature correspondence. In the feature detection step, distinctive structures are extracted from images. In the feature description step, extracted features are represented with descriptors to characterize them. Finally in the correspondence step, the extracted features from two images are matched using particular similarity measures.n this paper, an automatic image matching approach based on the AFFINE invariant features is proposed for wide-baseline images with significant viewpoint differences. The proposed approach consists of three main steps. In the first step, well-known Hessian-AFFINE feature detector is used to extract local AFFINE invariant features in the image pair. In Hessian-AFFINE detector a multi-scale representation and an iterative affine shape adaption are used to deal with significant viewpoint differences including large scale changes. To improve the Hessian-affine detector capability, an advanced strategy based on the well-known UR-SIFT (uniform robust scale invariant feature transform) algorithm is applied to extract effective, robust, reliable, and uniformly distributed elliptical local features. For this purpose, a selection strategy based on the stability and distinctiveness constraints is used in the full distribution of the location and the scale.In the second step, a distinctive descriptor based on MROGH (Multisupport Region Order-Based Gradient Histogram) method, which is robust to significant geometrical distortions, is generated for each extracted feature. The main idea of the MROGH method is to pool rotation invariant local features based on intensity orders. Instead of assigning a main orientation to each feature, a locally rotation invariant schema is used. For this purpose a rotation invariant coordinate system is used to compute the pixels gradient. To compute descriptor, the pixels in the feature region are partitioned into several groups based on their intensity orders. Then, a specific histogram based on the pixels gradient magnitude and orientation is calculated for each group. Finally, the MROGH descriptor is generated by combining the values of all the gradient histogram from all groups into a single feature vector.Finally, feature correspondence and blunder detection process is performed using epipolar geometry based on fundamental matrix. The initial matched features that are not consistent with the estimated fundamental matrix are identified as false matches and eliminated. A distance threshold TE=1 pixel between each feature point and its epipolar line is considered as elimination condition. The experimental results using six close-range images show that the proposed method improves the matching performance compared with several state-of-the-art methods, including the MSER-SIFT, UR-SIFT and A-SIFT, in terms of the number of correct matched features, recall and positional accuracy. Based on the matching results, the proposed integrated method can be easily applied to a variety of photogrammetric and computer vision applications such as relative orientation, bundle adjustment, structure from motion and simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM).

The negation of virtues and vices is one of immensely important issues which has been focused in many verses and Hadith. In this regard, different Islamic denominations have raised the issue to discuss its aspects and exchange ideas. In some Quranic verses, there is even a mention of “ changing vices to virtues” ; for example, Surah Al-Forqan Verse 70 introduces “ repentance” as a means to save humans from sin, and regards “ belief” and “ righteous act” as a precondition to accept repentance. The present study which aims to investigate different views of Sunni and Shi’ ite commentators regarding the above verse is conducted through descriptive analysis. The results of this research show that the term TRANSFORMATION in this context basically means “ change” ; however, there are some disagreements among commentators on how vices would change to virtues. Some interpreters hold that vice act would be changed to virtuous act, some others believe that the idea behind vice and virtue is their reward and punishment, and others interpret it as the TRANSFORMATION of vice consequences to virtue consequences.

From the past to This Day have Happened Practical TRANSFORMATIONs and Many Theoretical in political Geography and Geopolitics discourses. "Nation-State", Which is the Core of Political geography and Geopolitical studies; Affected As a Result of these Changes. Present Paper By Interpretation Method And the use of Library Data is Looking to Answer that Question that Transition from Modern Geopolitics to Postmodern, Have Been The Discourse of "Nation-State" What a TRANSFORMATION and Nature Changes? Normally, in any era the discourse period is governed with its own specs. Characteristics such as: Integrity, Singularity, Objectivism, Determinism and Foundationalism has Caused Which in the Discourse of Modernity, that the Modern State is a State with Specific geographic, Political, Legal, and Social, Identity and Etc. However, as a Consequence of the Characteristics of Post Modernity (and Itself the Dominant Discourse), Like: Pluralism and Lack of Absolutism, Negation of Particular Narrative and Etc; the Government as a Complete Reference (Sovereignty, Security, Poverty and Etc. ), In No Way is it Acceptable. In Short, the Purpose of This Research to Compare and Clarify the Dimensions: Social (the Dimension of Nation and Nationalism), Political (Government Dimension), Legal (Governance Later), State (Country) in the Transition From Modern to Postmodern. To be paid at the end of the Threat of a Post-Modern Government (Post Territory) Challenge in the Transfer.

Introduction: Ethical living is a lifestyle in which all areas of human existence and work are formed and flow around ethics. That is, a person who wants to live morally, in all areas, tries to know the ethical considerations related to that area and follow them in practice and live according to them. The current article is research on the moral system of Thomas Aquinas with a focus on examining the nature of the moral goal of human life and the moral rationality of such a life. Material and Methods: The present review study examined bioethics from the PERSPECTIVE of Thomas Aquinas in a descriptive manner. In order to achieve this goal, articles related to research keywords from Thomson Information Institute, Science Direct and Pub Med were examined and books related to the views of Thomas Aquinas were studied. Conclusion: The results of this study show that according to Thomas Aquinas's view on man, becoming like God and realizing God's image in material life and seeing God in the hereafter is the moral goal and eternal happiness of man. Also, Thomas Aquinas believes in the moral rationality of such a life from both PERSPECTIVEs-having a reason to live morally and the usefulness of such a life.

For many applications, Piece-Wise AFFINE (PWA) systems are made from approximation of nonlinear dynamics by AFFINE subsystems. Approximation and non-exact stability analysis are the main disadvantages of derived PWA system and as a solution, a new class of hybrid systems are introduced in this article. The proposed class is derived directly from switched model and without averaging then it is named as Direct PWA (DPWA). The new hybrid class has AFFINE subsystems and regulable and/or constant switching boundaries. Many applications such as power electronics and process engineering can be modeled as proposed class. Some theorems are presented for stability analysis that are based on quadratic Lyapunov function. The problem of stability analysis and controller design is redounded to convex optimization in form of linear matrix inequality. The proposed model is compared with conventional hybrid models. Proposed model is used for modeling and stability analysis of a dc-dc resonant power converter.